"After fertilization has taken place a new human being has come into being...[this] is no longer a matter of taste or opinion, it is not a metaphysical contention, it is plain experimental evidence...." -
Dr Jerome LeJeune, Professor of Genetics at the University of Descartes, Paris, discoverer of the chromosome pattern of Down's Syndrome, and Nobel Prize Winner
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| Sperm penetrates ovum |
"Development begins at fertilization when a sperm fuses with an ovum to form a zygote; this cell is the beginning of a new human being."
Moore, Keith L., The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology, page 12, W.B. Saunders Co.,
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| Just before fusion |
"In that fraction of a second when the chromosomes form pairs, the sex of the new child will be determined, hereditary characteristics received from each parent will be set, and a new life will have begun."
Kaluger, G., and Kaluger, M., Human Development: The Span of Life, page 28-29, The C.V. Mosby Co.
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| Moment of fusion |
"A new individual is created when the elements of a potent sperm merge with those of a fertile ovum."
Encyclopedia Britannica, "Pregnancy," page 968, 15th Edition, Chicago 1974
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| First cell division |
"Each individual has a very neat beginning, at conception."
Prof Micheline Matthews-Roth Harvard University Medical School
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| First cell division |
"The beginning of a single human life is from a biological point of view a simple and straightforward matter - the beginning is conception"
Dr Landrum Shettles, discoverer of male and female producing sperm
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Zygote is securely anchored and now consists of thousands of cells |
"By all the criteria of modern molecular biology, life is present from the moment of conception"
Dr. Hymie Gordon, Chairman of the Department of Genetics at the Mayo Clinic
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| Zygote secretes a mucus to proclaim his / her presence |
"The exact moment of the beginning of personhood and of the human body is at the moment of conception"
Dr. McCarthy de Mere, a medical doctor and Law Professor at the University of Tennessee
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