"The sensory nerve of the face, the Trigeminal nerve, is already present in all of its three branches in a four week old human embryo. At seven weeks they twitch or turn their head away from a stimulus in the same defensive manoeuvre seen at all stages of life."
E. Blechschmidt & S. Wintrap, National Right To Life News, Washington DC, May 20, 1987"Cutaneous sensory receptors appear in the perioral area in the seventh week of gestation."
Anand et al., "Pain and Its Effects on the Human Fetus N. Eng. J. Med, vol. 317, no. 21, p. 1322, Nov. 19, 1987"When doctors first began invading the sanctuary of the womb, they did not know that the unborn baby would react to pain in the same fashion as a child would. But they soon learned that he would."
Dr. A. Liley, Prof. of Foetology, University of Aukland, New Zealand"Pain isn't just psychological. There is also organic, or physiological pain which elicits a neurological response to pain."
P. Lubeskind, "Psychology & Physiology of Pain," Amer. Review Psychology, vol. 28, 1977, p. 42"One of the most uncomfortable ledges that the unborn can encounter is his mother's backbone. If he happens to be lying so that his own backbone is across hers [when the mother lies on her back], the unborn will wiggle around until he can get away from this highly disagreeable position."
M. Liley & B. Day, Modern Motherhood, Random House, 1969, p. 42"Changes in heart rate and foetal movement also suggest that intrauterine manipulations are painful to the foetus."
Volman & Pearson, "What the Foetus Feels," British Med. Jour., 26 Jan 1980, pp. 233-234."The changes in heart rate and increase in movement suggest that stimuli are painful for the foetus. Certainly it cannot be comfortable for the foetus to have a scalp electrode implanted on his skin, to have blood taken from the scalp or to suffer the skull compression that may occur even with spontaneous delivery. It is hardly surprising that infants delivered by difficult forcepts extraction act as if they have a severe headace."
Volman & Pearson, "What the Foetus Feels," British Medical Journal, 26 Jan 1980